Heating Milk reduces its allergenic qualities?

Br J Nutr. 1984 Jan;51(1):29-36 Reduction in the antigenicity of whey proteins by heat treatment: a possible strategy for producing a hypoallergenic infant milk formula. * Heppell LM,* Cant AJ,* Kilshaw PJ. Residual antigenic protein in heat-denatured cow's milk whey and in two commercial infant milk formulas was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, bovine IgG1 and alpha-casein. This immunochemical assessment of antigenicity was related to the capacity of the preparations to sensitize immunologically when fed to guinea-pigs for 2 weeks. Antibody production was measured and the susceptibility of the animals to systemic anaphylaxis was assessed by injecting them intravenously with heated or unheated milk proteins. Whey protein that had been heated at 100 degrees or 115 degrees for 30 min was extensively denatured and, in contrast to pasteurized whey, failed to sensitize guinea-pigs for anaphylaxis. Antibody production was undetected or very low. The proteins in SMA powder and SMA Gold Cap liquid concentrate were less denatured and animals given these formulas prepared according to the maker's instructions produced relatively high levels of antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-casein and a majority developed anaphylaxis when injected intravenously with these products. As well as failing to sensitize, whey that had received severe heat treatment did not, in most cases, elicit anaphylaxis when injected into animals that had been sensitized with unheated milk. Discrimination between antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses specific for beta-lactoglobulin showed that IgG1, the principal anaphylactic antibody in guinea-pigs, was preferentially depressed in animals drinking heat-denatured milk preparations. The results suggest that heat denaturation of whey protein may be a logical and simple strategy for producing a hypoallergenic baby milk. Nevertheless, the value of experiments in guinea-pigs for predicting results in man is uncertain and the proposal awaits assessment in clinical trials.

Healing Leaky Gut

Enzyme Stuff Dietary supplementation with zinc and a growth factor extract derived from bovine cheese whey improves methotrexate-damaged rat intestine. Tran CD, Howarth GS, Coyle P, Philcox JC, Rofe AM, Butler RN. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003 May;77(5):1296-303. Gastroenterology Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. tranc@mail.wch.sa.gov.au. PMID: 12716685 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] BACKGROUND: Oral administration of zinc or bovine whey-derived growth factor extract (WGFE) is known to reduce intestinal permeability and ameliorate methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis, respectively. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of zinc, WGFE, and zinc plus WGFE on gut damage in MTX-treated rats. DESIGN: Rats (n = 16/group) were fed zinc (1000 mg/kg diet), WGFE (32 mg/kg diet), zinc plus WGFE, or control (10 mg Zn/kg diet) diets for 7 d and then injected subcutaneously with MTX (2.5 mg/kg) for 3 d to induce gut damage. Gut histology and intestinal permeability were assessed. R RESULTS: The Zn+WGFE diet was associated with both reduced gut damage on day 5 and enhanced recovery on day 7. The WGFE diet ameliorated gut damage, whereas the Zn and Zn+WGFE diets enhanced repair. Gut metallothionein and tissue zinc concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) higher with Zn and Zn+WGFE on days 5 and 7 than without zinc supplementation. The Zn and Zn+WGFE diets significantly (P < 0.05) decreased gut permeability on days 3-4 compared with the control diet. Intestinal permeability was significantly (P < 0.05) increased on days 5-6. On days 6-7, only the WGFE diet improved gut permeability (by 80%) compared with the control diet. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary administration of WGFE and a pharmacologic dose of zinc reduced intestinal damage and enhanced recovery, respectively. WGFE also improved gut permeability after MTX-induced bowel damage. In combination, zinc and WGFE hastened repair of gut damage, which may have clinical application in chemotherapy-induced mucositis.